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Headache Image -
Woman Holding Her Head
Structures Passing Through Foramen Magnum: Accessory nerves (spinal roots) Meningeal lymphatics Spinal cord Spinal meninges Sympathetic plexus of vertebral ateries Vertebral arteries Vertebral artery spinal branches Mnemonic - 'Spinal Meninges Make A Special Vertical Sheath': Spinal Meninges Make A Special Vertical Sheath
Brodmann Areas Listed: Areas 3, 1 & 2 - Primary Somatosensory Cortex (typically referred to as Areas 3, 1, 2 by convention) Area 4 - Primary Motor Cortex Area 5 - Somatosensory Association Cortex Area 6 - Premotor cortex and Supplementary Motor Cortex (Secondary Motor Cortex)(Supplementary motor area) Area 7 - Somatosensory Association Cortex Area 8 - Includes Frontal eye fields Area 9 - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Area 10 - Anterior prefrontal cortex (most rostral part of superior and middle frontal gyri) Area 11 - Orbitofrontal area (orbital and rectus gyri, plus part of the rostral part of the superior frontal gyrus) Area 12 - Orbitofrontal area (used to be part of BA11, refers to the area between the superior frontal gyrus and the inferior rostral sulcus) Area 13 and Area 14 - Insular cortex Area 15* - Anterior Temporal Lobe Area 17 - Primary visual cortex (V1) Area 18 - Secondary visual cortex (V2) Area 19 - Associative visual cortex (V3) Area 20 - Inferior temporal gyrus Area 21 - Middle temporal gyrus Area 22 - Superior temporal gyrus, of which the caudal part is usually considered to contain the Wernicke's area Area 23 - Ventral Posterior cingulate cortex Area 24 - Ventral Anterior cingulate cortex Area 25 - Subgenual cortex Area 26 - Ectosplenial area Area 27 - Piriform cortex Area 28 - Posterior Entorhinal Cortex Area 29 - Retrosplenial cingulate cortex Area 30 - Part of cingulate cortex Area 31 - Dorsal Posterior cingulate cortex Area 32 - Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex Area 33 - Part of anterior cingulate cortex Area 34 - Anterior Entorhinal Cortex (on the Parahippocampal gyrus) Area 35 - Perirhinal cortex (on the Parahippocampal gyrus) Area 36 - Parahippocampal cortex (on the Parahippocampal gyrus) Area 37 - Fusiform gyrus Area 38 - Temporopolar area (most rostral part of the superior and middle temporal gyri) Area 39 - Angular gyrus, also considered by some to be part of Wernicke's area Area 40 - Supramarginal gyrus considered by some to be part of Wernicke's area Areas 41 & 42 - Primary & Auditory Association Cortex Area 43 - Subcentral area (between insula and post/precentral gyrus) Area 44 - Pars opercularis, part of Broca's area Area 45 - Pars triangularis Broca's area Area 46 - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Area 47 - Inferior prefrontal gyrus Area 48 - Retrosubicular area (a small part of the medial surface of the temporal lobe) Area 49 - Parasubicular area in a rodent Area 52 - Parainsular area (at the junction of the temporal lobe & the insula) Image: from Gray's Anatomy Brodmann Area - Cerebral CortexPosted by Medicalchemy Medicalchemy Group: Images Mnemonics Cardiology Dermatology Drugs Endocrinology Gastroenterology Genetics - Haematology Immunology - Infection - Metabolic Medicine - Neuroscience - Nutrition - Oncology - Ophthalmology - Pathology - Pharmacology - Respiratory - Toxicology - Vascular .
VNS Clinical Uses: Intractable epilepsy Treatment resistant depression Other Uses For VNS Under Investigation: Alzheimer's disease Anxiety disorders Fibromyalgia Migraines Tinnitus Reference: Groves, Duncan A., Brown, Verity J. (2005). Vagus Nerve Stimulation: A Review of its Applications and Potential Mechanisms That Mediate its Clinical Effects. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews , 29 : 493-500. Tags: Depression - Epilepsy - Vagus Nerve StimulationPosted by Medicalchemy Medicalchemy Group: Images Mnemonics Cardiology Dermatology Drugs Endocrinology Gastroenterology Genetics - Haematology Immunology - Infection - Metabolic Medicine - Neuroscience - Nutrition - Oncology - Ophthalmology - Pathology - Pharmacology - Respiratory - Toxicology - Vascular .
General Details: Also known as hypoglycorrhachia. Causes of Low CSF Glucose: Infection: Lyme disease Pyogenic meningitis TB meningitis Fungal Meningitis Viral Infection (occasionally): Herpes simplex encephalitis Mumps meningoencephalitis Zoster encephalitis Other: Meningeal carcinomatosis Sarcoidosis Subarachnoid haemorrhage Image: D-glucose structural formula from Wikipedia by Richard Wheeler (Zephyris) (Public Domain) Herpes Simplex - Herpes Zoster - Lyme Disease - Meningitis - Sarcoidosis - Subarachnoid HaemorrhagePosted by Medicalchemy Medicalchemy Group: Images - Mnemonics - Cardiology - Endocrinology - Haematology - Infection - Neuroscience - Pharmacology
