CSF Glucose - Low Levels

General Details:

• Also known as hypoglycorrhachia.

Causes of Low CSF Glucose:
Infection:

• Lyme disease
• Pyogenic meningitis
• TB meningitis
• Fungal Meningitis

Viral Infection (occasionally):

• Herpes simplex encephalitis
• Mumps meningoencephalitis
• Zoster encephalitis

Other:

• Meningeal carcinomatosis
• Sarcoidosis
• Subarachnoid haemorrhage

Image: D-glucose structural formula
Image Source: from Wikipedia by Richard Wheeler (Zephyris) (Public Domain)
Tags: Herpes Simplex - Herpes Zoster - Lyme Disease - Meningitis - Sarcoidosis - Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
Posted by Medicalchemy
Medicalchemy Group: Images - Mnemonics - Cardiology - Endocrinology - Haematology - Infection - Neuroscience - Pharmacology

CSF Protein Level - Marked Elevation

Causes of Markedly Raised CSF Protein:

• Acoustic neuroma
• Alcoholism
• Amyloidosis
• Diabetes mellitus
• Froin's syndrome
• Guillain-Barre syndrome
• Meningitis - Acute Bacterial
• Meningitis - Carcinomatous

Tags: Acoustic neuroma - Alcoholism - Amyloidosis - Diabetes mellitus - Froin's syndrome - Guillain-Barre syndrome - Meningitis
Posted by Medicalchemy
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Ictal Autonomic Phenomena - Listed By Systems

Cardiac:

• Arrhythmia
• Bradycardia
• Chest pain
• Palpitations
• Tachycardia

Vascular:

• Hypertension
• Hypotension

Respiratory:

• Apnoea
• Cough
• Hyperventilation
• Hypoxia

Gastrointestinal / Abdominal:

• Abdominal pain
• Belching
• Borborygmi
• Dyspepsia (ascending sensation)
• Faecal incontinence
• Hunger
• Nausea
• Salivation
• Vomiting
• Urge to defecate

Genito-urinary:

• Genital Erection
• Genital sensations
• Orgasm
• Urinary incontinence
• Urinary urgency

Cutaneous (Dermatological):

• Blanching
• Cyanosis
• Erythema
• Flushing
• Pallor
• Perspiration
• Piloerection

Ocular:

• Hippus
• Lacrimation
• Miosis
• Mydriasis

Image: from Gray's Anatomy, plate 839 (Public Domain)

Source: Epilepsy and the Autonomic Nervous System (Medscape)

Tags: Autonomic - Ictal - Seizure
Posted by Medicalchemy
Medicalchemy Group: Images - Mnemonics - Cardiology - Endocrinology - Haematology - Infection - Neuroscience

Medicalchemy Neuroscience Blog

This Medicalchemy (TM) blog will be about Neuroscience related topics.

Tags: Blog Neuroscience
Posted by Medicalchemy
Medicalchemy Group: Images - Mnemonics - Cardiology - Endocrinology - Haematology - Infection - Neuroscience